Ordinary people can perform acts of astonishing selflessness, sometimes even putting their lives on the line. A pregnant woman saw a dorsal fin and blood in the water—and dove right in to pull her wounded husband to safety. Remarkably, some even leap into action to save complete strangers: one New York man jumped onto the subway tracks to rescue a boy who had fallen into the path of an oncoming train. Such behavior is not uniquely human. Researchers have found that mother rodents are highly motivated to bring newborn pups—not just their own—back to safety. What do these stories have in common, and what do they reveal about the instinct to protect others?
In The Altruistic Urge, Stephanie D. Preston explores how and why we developed a surprisingly powerful drive to help the vulnerable. She argues that the neural and psychological mechanisms that evolved to safeguard offspring also motivate people to save strangers in need of immediate aid. Eye-catching dramatic rescues bear a striking similarity to how other mammals retrieve their young and help explain more mundane forms of support like donating money. Merging extensive interdisciplinary research that spans psychology, neuroscience, neurobiology, and evolutionary biology, Preston develops a groundbreaking model of altruistic responses. Her theory accounts for extraordinary feats of bravery, all-too-common apathy, and everything in between—and it can also be deployed to craft more effective appeals to assist those in need.
Mục lục
Preface
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations for Neuroanatomic Regions, Neuropeptides, and Neurotransmitters
Introduction: The Curious Case of the Assiduous Dams
1. The Altruistic Response Model
2. Similarities Between Offspring Care and Altruism Across Species
3. Different Kinds of Altruism
4. What Is an Instinct?
5. The Neural Bases of Altruism
6. Characteristics of the Victim That Facilitate a Response
7. Characteristics of the Observer That Facilitate a Response
8. Comparing the Altruistic Response Model to Other Theories
Conclusion: Why Consider Altruistic Responding Now?
Notes
References
Index
Giới thiệu về tác giả
Stephanie D. Preston is professor of psychology and director of the Ecological Neuroscience Lab at the University of Michigan. She is coeditor of
The Interdisciplinary Science of Consumption (2014).
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