The emergence of China as a major economic superpower has raised concern among many U.S. policymakers. Some express concern over the large annual U.S. trade deficits with China which many view as an indicator that U.S.-Chinese commercial relations are imbalanced or unfair. Others claim that China uses unfair trade practices (such as undervalued currency and subsidies given to domestic producers) to flood U.S. markets with low-cost goods, and that such practices threaten American jobs, wages, and living standards. Other concerns relating to China’s economic growth include its growing demand for energy and raw materials, and its status as the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases. This book provides background on China’s economic rise and current economic structure and the challenges China faces to keep its economy growing strong, and the economic policies that are of concern to U.S. policymakers.