Gu Yanwu was a famous ideologist in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. In the 17th century, Western Europe was undergoing tremendous changes and began the process of modernization. The same went for the world of thought. In the tenth year of Chongzhen’s reign (1637), Descartes published the famous Discourse on the Method for Rightly Directing One’s Reason and Searching for Truth in the Sciences in the history of philosophy. In the 29th year of the Kangxi’s reign (1690), Locke published Two Treatises of Government. In the western part of the Eurasian continent, scholars living in the same era as Gu Yanwu became promoters of modernization. For us, their names are even more familiar than Gu Yanwu from China. In fact, traditional China also faced the so-called "17th-century crisis". At that time, during the Ming and Qing dynasties, different from previous dynasties, this dynasty change seemed to provide more experience and exploration, but also more pains and struggles. Gu Yanwu was in the trend of the times, being impacted and coerced, and also made many observations and reflections on that ever-changing era. His rich life experience and profound academic thinking not only leave us with stories but also inspire us.
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