作者: Joseph Black

Joseph Black was a distinguished 18th-century physician and chemist, renowned for his seminal work in the field of chemistry. Born on April 16, 1728, in Bordeaux, France, Black later moved to Scotland where he received his education. He is perhaps most famous for his meticulous research documented in “Experiments upon magnesia alba, Quicklime, and some other Alkaline Substances” (1756), which laid the foundational principles for what would become modern inorganic chemistry. Black”s research was pivotal in distinguishing magnesia from lime and in describing the properties of fixed air (carbon dioxide), which he discovered in the process of his experiments. His work not only reflected the rigor of scientific inquiry that characterized the Enlightenment but also contributed to advances in medicine as well as industrial and laboratory processes. Black”s intellectual contributions extend beyond a single book; his teaching and mentorship influenced a generation of scientists, including his famous pupil, James Watt, renowned for his work on the steam engine. He was appointed professor at the University of Glasgow and later the University of Edinburgh, positions he used to further the study of chemistry. Joseph Black”s literary style in scientific presentation is marked by clarity, conciseness, and a systematic approach to complex phenomena, underscoring his stature as a pivotal figure in the annals of science.