Suppose an accountant discovers evidence of shady practices while ex- amining the books of a client. What should he or she do? Accountants have a professional obligation to respect the confidentiality of their cli- ents’ accounts. But, as an ordinary citizen, our accountant may feel that the authorities ought to be informed. Suppose a physician discov- ers that a patient, a bus driver, has a weak heart. If the patient contin- ues bus driving even after being informed of the heart condition, should the physician inform the driver’s company? Respect for patient confidentiality would say, no. But what if the driver should suffer a heart attack while on duty, causing an accident in which people are killed or seriously injured? Would the doctor bear some responsibility for these consequences? Special obligations, such as those of confidentiality, apply to any- one in business or the professions. These obligations articulate, at least in part, what it is for someone to be, say, an accountant or a physician. Since these obligations are special, they raise a real possibility of con- flict with the moral principles we usually accept outside of these spe- cial relationships in business and the professions. These conflicts may become more accentuated for a professional who is also a corporate employee-a corporate attorney, an engineer working for a construction company, a nurse working as an employee of a hospital.
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