When multiple agents are in a shared environment, there usually exist con- straints among the possible actions of these agents. A distributed constraint satisfaction problem (distributed CSP) is a problem in which the goal is to find a consistent combination of actions that satisfies these inter-agent constraints. More specifically, a distributed CSP is a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) in which multiple agents are involved. A constraint satisfaction problem is a problem in which the goal is to find a consistent assignment of values to variables. Even though the definition of a CSP is very simple, a surprisingly wide variety of artificial intelligence (AI) problems can be formalized as CSPs. Therefore, the research on CSPs has a long and distinguished history in AI (Mackworth 1992; Dechter 1992; Tsang 1993; Kumar 1992). A distributed CSP is a CSP in which variables and constraints are distributed among multiple autonomous agents. Various application problems in Multi-agent Systems (MAS) that are concerned with finding a consistent combination of agent actions can he formalized as dis- tributed CSPs. Therefore, we can consid(~r distributed CSPs as a general framework for MAS, and algorithms for solving distributed CSPs as impor- tant infrastructures for cooperation in MAS. This book gives an overview of the research on distributed CSPs, as well as introductory material on CSPs. In Chapter 1. we show the problem defi- nition of normal, centralized CSPs and describe algorithms for solving CSPs.
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