作者: Sarah Orne Jewett

Émile Zola was born April 2, 1840 in Paris, France. In 1865 he published his controversial first novel, La Confession de Claude. As the founder of the naturalist movement, Zola also published several treatises to explain his theories on art. He died on September 28, 1902. *** Stewart Edward White (12 March 1873 September 18, 1946) was an American writer, novelist, and spiritualist. He was a brother of noted mural painter Gilbert White. *** Sarah Orne Jewett, (born Sept. 3, 1849, South Berwick, Maine, U.S.died June 24, 1909, South Berwick), American writer of regional fiction that centred on life in Maine. *** Willa Catherpublished her first book of verses, April Twilights, in 1903. With O Pioneers! (1913) and My Ántonia (1918), which has frequently been seen as her finest achievement, she found her characteristic themesthe spirit and courage of the frontier she had known in her youth. One of Ours (1922), which won the Pulitzer Prize, and A Lost Lady (1923) mourned the passing of the pioneer spirit *** George Ade, (born Feb. 9, 1866, Kentland, Ind., U.S.died May 16, 1944, Brook, Ind.), American playwright and humorist whose Fables in Slangsummarized the kind of wisdom accumulated by the country boy in the city. *** Robert William Chambers(May 26, 1865 December 16, 1933) was an American artist and fiction writer, best known for his book of short stories titled The King in Yellow, published in 1895. *** George Robert Gissing(22 November 1857 28 December 1903) was an English novelist who published 23 novels between 1880 and 1903. *** Lord Dunsany, 18th Baron of Dunsany, was an Anglo-Irish writer and dramatist; his work, mostly in the fantasy genre, was published under the name Lord Dunsany. *** Ruth Mc Enery Stuart(18491917) was an American author.Stuart was active in her literary career from 1888 until 1917, producing some 75 works. *** Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson(8 December 1832 26 April 1910) was a Norwegian writer who received the 1903 Nobel Prize in Literature “as a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile poetry, which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit”,