With approximately 8, 000 liver transplant operations per year worldwide, this surgical procedure has become relatively routine. Improvements in surgical and anesthetic techniques and immunosuppression have resulted in improved outcomes, but cardiovascular events and sepsis remain the principal obstacles to further lowering morbidity and mortality rates. Consequently, cardiovascular assessment and optimization are of increased interest to anesthetists and other professionals involved in liver transplant programs. This book summarizes the current knowledge on preoperative hemodynamic profiling and cardiovascular assessment of patients awaiting liver transplantation.