In the past, the study of racial inequality in New York City has usually had a narrow focus, examining particular social problems affecting ethnic-racial groups. In contrast, this book provides a comprehensive overview of racial inequality in the city’s economy, housing, and education sectors over the last half-century. A collection of original essays by some of New York’s most well-known and emerging urban experts,
Racial Inequality in New York City since 1965 explores what city government has done and failed to do to address racial inequality. It examines the changes in circumstances of Asian, Latino, West Indian, and African American New Yorkers, outlining how theirs have either improved or deteriorated relative to their white counterparts. The contributors also analyze how practices and policies in policing, public housing, public health, and community services have maintained racial inequality and discuss how political participation can increase social capital among city residents in order to reduce racial inequality. The book concludes by offering a compendium of practical recommendations and actions that can be implemented to address racial inequality in the city.
Daftar Isi
List of Illustrations
Foreword
J. Phillip Thompson
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Benjamin P. Bowser and
Chelli Devadutt
Part I. Structural Underpinnings of Inequality
1. Economy: Inequality in New York City: The Intersection of Race and Class
James A. Parrott
2. Housing: The Paradox of Inclusion and Segregation in the Nation’s Melting Pot
Ingrid Gould Ellen, Jessica Yager, and
Maxwell Austensen
3. Education: New York City School Segregation Then and Now:
Plus Ça Change
Norman Fruchter and
Christina Mokhtar
Education Addendum
Improving School Culture to Reduce Educational Disparities for Black and Latino Young Men
Adriana Villavicencio, Shifra Goldenberg, and
Sarah Klevan
4. Government: Do Mayors Matter? Race, Justice, and the Men in City Hall, 1965–2017
Jarrett Murphy
Part II. The Race Mountains
Introduction to Part 2
Hector R. Cordero-Guzmán
5. African Americans and Racialized Inequality in New York City
Benjamin P. Bowser
6. Latino Americans: The Evolving Latino Population in New York City
Hector R. Cordero-Guzmán
7. West Indian Americans: Select Socioeconomic Characteristics of West Indian Immigration in New York City
Calvin Holder and
Aubrey W. Bonnett
8. Asian Americans: Immigration, Diversity, and Disparity
Howard Shih
9. Ethnic Conflict: How Much Exists in New York City?
Benjamin P. Bowser, John Flateau, Hector R. Cordero-Guzmán, Howard Shih, Calvin Holder, and
Aubrey W. Bonnett
Part III. Practice and Policy
Introduction to Part 3
Hector R. Cordero-Guzmán
10. Policing: Stop and Frisk: Continuity of Racial Control and Reconstructed Blackness
Natalie P. Byfield
Policing Addendum: Race-Based Discrimination in Expert Witness Testimony
George W. Woods and
Stephen Greenspan
11. Public Health: Public Policy, HIV/AIDS, and the Destruction of Community in New York City
Robert Fullilove
Public Health Addendum: Inequalities in Health and Access to Health Services in New York City: Change and Continuity
Michael K. Gusmano and
Victor G. Rodwin
12. Human Development Index: The Five New Yorks: Understanding Inequality by Place and Race in New York City
Kristen Lewis and
Sarah Burd-Sharps
13. Public Housing: New York City’s Third City
Victor Bach
14. Political Participation: Black New Yorkers: Fifty Years of Closing the Political Inequality Gap, 1965–2016
John Flateau
15. Social Capital, Gentrification, and Inequality in New York City
James Rodriguez, Robert L. Hawkins, and
Andrew Wilkes
Conclusion and Recommendations
Benjamin P. Bowser and
Chelli Devadutt
Contributors
Index
Tentang Penulis
Benjamin P. Bowser is Emeritus Professor of Sociology and Social Services at California State University, East Bay. His many books include
Gangster Rap and Its Social Cost: Exploiting Hip Hop and Using Racial Stereotypes to Entertain America.
Chelli Devadutt is Co-Organizer of the Walter Stafford Project on Inequality in New York City at New York University.
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