Cary (University of Manchester, UK) Cooper & Lawrence R. (NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA) Murphy 
Healthy and Productive Work [PDF ebook] 
An International Perspective

The Enterprise Culture of the 1980s helped transform economies of Western Europe, but left behind a legacy of stress, both for managers and shop floor workers. The cost to business is seen in absenteeism, reduced productivity, compensation claims, health insurance and direct medical costs, which in the US cost approximately $150 billion a year.