Clarence Bernard Henry’s book is a culmination of several years of field research on sacred and secular influences of ase, the West African Yoruba concept that spread to Brazil and throughout the African Diaspora. Ase is imagined as power and creative energy bestowed upon human beings by ancestral spirits acting as guardians. In Brazil, the West African Yoruba concept of ase is known as axe and has been reinvented, transmitted, and nurtured in Candomble, an Afro-Brazilian religion that is practiced in Salvador, Bahia. The author examines how the concepts of axe and Candomble religion have been appropriated and reinvented in Brazilian popular music and culture. Featuring interviews with practitioners and local musicians, the book explains how many Brazilian popular music styles such as samba, bossa nova, samba-reggae, ijexa, and axe have musical and stylistic elements that stem from Afro-Brazilian religion. The book also discusses how young Afro-Brazilians combine Candomble religious music with African American music such as blues, jazz, gospel, soul, funk, and rap. Henry argues for the importance of axe as a unifying force tying together the secular and sacred Afro-Brazilian musical landscape.
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