In vector optimization one investigates optimal elements such as min- imal, strongly minimal, properly minimal or weakly minimal elements of a nonempty subset of a partially ordered linear space. The prob- lem of determining at least one of these optimal elements, if they exist at all, is also called a vector optimization problem. Problems of this type can be found not only in mathematics but also in engineer- ing and economics. Vector optimization problems arise, for exam- ple, in functional analysis (the Hahn-Banach theorem, the lemma of Bishop-Phelps, Ekeland’s variational principle), multiobjective pro- gramming, multi-criteria decision making, statistics (Bayes solutions, theory of tests, minimal covariance matrices), approximation theory (location theory, simultaneous approximation, solution of boundary value problems) and cooperative game theory (cooperative n player differential games and, as a special case, optimal control problems). In the last decade vector optimization has been extended to problems with set-valued maps. This new field of research, called set optimiza- tion, seems to have important applications to variational inequalities and optimization problems with multivalued data. The roots of vector optimization go back to F. Y. Edgeworth (1881) and V. Pareto (1896) who has already given the definition of the standard optimality concept in multiobjective optimization. But in mathematics this branch of optimization has started with the leg- endary paper of H. W. Kuhn and A. W. Tucker (1951). Since about v Vl Preface the end of the 60’s research is intensively made in vector optimization.
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