The first cutting-edge guide to using the SAS® system for the
analysis of econometric data
Applied Econometrics Using the SAS® System is the
first book of its kind to treat the analysis of basic econometric
data using SAS®, one of the most commonly used software tools
among today’s statisticians in business and industry. This book
thoroughly examines econometric methods and discusses how data
collected in economic studies can easily be analyzed using the
SAS® system.
In addition to addressing the computational aspects of
econometric data analysis, the author provides a statistical
foundation by introducing the underlying theory behind each method
before delving into the related SAS® routines. The book begins
with a basic introduction to econometrics and the relationship
between classical regression analysis models and econometric
models. Subsequent chapters balance essential concepts with
SAS® tools and cover key topics such as:
* Regression analysis using Proc IML and Proc Reg
* Hypothesis testing
* Instrumental variables analysis, with a discussion of
measurement errors, the assumptions incorporated into the analysis,
and specification tests
* Heteroscedasticity, including GLS and FGLS estimation,
group-wise heteroscedasticity, and GARCH models
* Panel data analysis
* Discrete choice models, along with coverage of binary choice
models and Poisson regression
* Duration analysis models
Assuming only a working knowledge of SAS®, this book is a
one-stop reference for using the software to analyze econometric
data. Additional features include complete SAS® code, Proc IML
routines plus a tutorial on Proc IML, and an appendix with
additional programs and data sets. Applied Econometrics Using
the SAS® System serves as a relevant and valuable
reference for practitioners in the fields of business, economics,
and finance. In addition, most students of econometrics are taught
using GAUSS and STATA, yet SAS® is the standard in the working
world; therefore, this book is an ideal supplement for
upper-undergraduate and graduate courses in statistics, economics,
and other social sciences since it prepares readers for real-world
careers.
Spis treści
Preface.
Acknowledgments.
1 Introduction to Regression Analysis.
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 Matrix Form of the Multiple Regression Model.
1.3 Basic Theory of Least Squares.
1.4 Analysis of Variance.
1.5 The Frisch-Waugh Theorem.
1.6 Goodness of Fit.
1.7 Hypothesis Testing and Confidence Intervals.
1.8 Some Further Notes.
2 Regression Analysis Using Proc IML and Proc Reg.
2.1 Introduction.
2.2 Regression Analysis Using Proc IML.
2.3 Analyzing the Data Using Proc Reg.
2.4 Extending the Investment Equation Model to the Complete Data Set.
2.5 Plotting the Data.
2.6 Correlation Between Variables.
2.7 Predictions of the Dependent Variable.
2.8 Residual Analysis.
2.9 Multicollinearity.
3 Hypothesis Testing.
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Using SAS to Conduct the General Linear Hypothesis.
3.3 The Restricted Least Squares Estimator.
3.4 Alternative Methods of Testing the General Linear Hypothesis.
3.5 Testing for Structural Breaks in Data.
3.6 The CUSUM Test.
3.7 Models with Dummy Variables.
4 Instrumental Variables.
4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Omitted Variable Bias.
4.3 Measurement Errors.
4.4 Instrumental Variable Estimation.
4.5 Specification Tests.
5 Nonspherical Disturbances and Heteroscedasticity.
5.1 Introduction.
5.2 Nonspherical Disturbances.
5.3 Detecting Heteroscedasticity.
5.4 Formal Hypothesis Tests to Detect Heteroscedasticity.
5.5 Estimation of b Revisited.
5.6 Weighted Least Squares and FGLS Estimation.
5.7 Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity.
6 Autocorrelation.
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Problems Associated with OLS Estimation Under Autocorrelation.
6.3 Estimation Under the Assumption of Serial Correlation.
6.4 Detecting Autocorrelation.
6.5 Using SAS to Fit the AR Models.
7 Panel Data Analysis.
7.1 What is Panel Data?
7.2 Panel Data Models.
7.3 The Pooled Regression Model.
7.4 The Fixed Effects Model
7.5 Random Effects Models..
8 Systems of Regression Equations.
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Estimation Using Generalized Least Squares.
8.3 Special Cases of the Seemingly Unrelated Regression Model.
8.4 Feasible Generalized Least Squares.
9 Simultaneous Equations.
9.1 Introduction.
9.2 Problems with OLS Estimation.
9.3 Structural and Reduced Form Equations.
9.4 The Problem of Identification.
9.5 Estimation of Simultaneous Equation Models.
9.6 Hausman’s Specification Test.
10 Discrete Choice Models.
10.1 Introduction.
10.2 Binary Response Models.
10.3 Poisson Regression.
11 Duration Analysis.
11.1 Introduction.
11.2 Failure Times and Censoring.
11.3 The Survival and Hazard Functions.
11.4 Commonly Used Distribution Functions in Duration Analysis.
11.5 Regression Analysis with Duration Data.
12 Special Topics.
12.1 Iterative FGLS Estimation Under Heteroscedasticity.
12.2 Maximum Likelihood Estimation Under Heteroscedasticity.
12.3 Harvey’s Multiplicative Heteroscedasticity.
12.4 Groupwise Heteroscedasticity.
12.5 Hausman-Taylor Estimator for the Random Effects Model.
12.6 Robust Estimation of Covariance Matrices in Panel Data.
12.7 Dynamic Panel Data Models.
12.8 Heterogeneity and Autocorrelation in Panel Data Models.
12.9 Autocorrelation in Panel Data.
Appendix A Basic Matrix Algebra for Econometrics.
B.1 Assigning Scalars.
Appendix C Simulating the Large Sample Properties of the OLS Estimators.
Appendix D Introduction to Bootstrap Estimation.
Appendix E Complete Programs and Proc IML Routines.
References.
Index
O autorze
Vivek B. Ajmani, Ph D, is Senior Marketing Analyst at U.S. Bank in St. Paul, Minnesota, where he applies econometric modeling, data mining, and predictive modeling techniques to his work with innovative banking products and solutions. Dr. Ajmani has also held positions at Ameriprise Financial, General Mills, Intel Corporation, and the 3M Company, and he has received honors for his use of statistics in the development of quality products.
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