Bonnie and Clyde (Arthur Penn, 1967) scandalised mainstream popular opinion. Part of an emerging youth and protest movement, its graphic and balletic violence was highly subversive in the context of the war in Vietnam. It spoke directly to younger audiences, who were already pitted against their more conservative elders and easily identified with the characters played by Warren Beatty (who also produced the film) and Faye Dunaway. Bonnie and Clyde was the prototype of 1970s ‘New Hollywood’: anti-authority, candid about sex, morally neutral. As well as changing Hollywood film style, Bonnie and Clyde changed critical attitudes. Older critics loathed the film at first. But younger critics, led by the then little-known Pauline Kael, fought a rearguard action and won the day. Recognising Bonnie and Clyde’s distinctive position in the evolution of American culture and cinema history, Lester D. Friedman explores the film’s cultural framework, examines the contributions of its creators and presents a detailed visual and thematic analysis.