Mental health and HIV/AIDS are closely interlinked. Mental
disorders, including substance-use disorders, are associated with
increased risk of HIV infection and affect adherence to and
efficacy of antiretroviral treatments. Conversely, HIV
infection can increase risk for neuropsychiatric complications
including stress, mood, and neurocognitive disorders.
This book provides clinicians with a comprehensive evidenced-based
and practical approach to the management of patients with HIV
infection and co-morbid mental disorders. It provides up-to-date
and clear overviews of current clinical issues, as well as the
relevant basic science. Information and data from studies of
different HIV groups (eg men who have sex with men) make the text
relevant to a broad spectrum of clinicians, including those working
with low socioeconomic status groups in high income countries and
those working in the developing world.
The book uses the popular format of the World Psychiatric
Association’s Evidence and Experience series. Review
chapters summarize the evidence on the epidemiology, pathogenesis
and clinical aspects of mental disorders in HIV, and interventions
(both psychotherapy and psychopharmacology including drug-drug
interactions). These are complemented by commentaries
addressing particular facets of each topic and providing insight
gained from clinical experience.
Psychiatrists, psychologists and all mental health staff working
with HIV-infected patients will find this book of great
benefit.
Cuprins
List of Contributors ix
Preface xv
1 Epidemiology of Psychopathology in HIV 1
Milton L. Wainberg, Karen Mc Kinnon, and Francine
Cournos
Commentaries
1.1 Epidemiology of Psychopathology in HIV: Neurocognitive
Disorders 34
Bryan Smith and Ned Sacktor
1.2 Depression and Anxiety Disorders in HIV/AIDS 40
Seggane Musisi
1.3 Substance Use Disorders and HIV: Evolving Syndemics 46
Sheri L. Towe and Christina S. Meade
1.4 Severe Mental Illness and HIV 55
Etheldreda Nakimuli-Mpungu
2 Pathogenesis of Mental Health Disorders in HIV 61
Gursharan Chana, Chad A. Bousman, and Ian P. Everall
Commentaries
2.1 Behavioural and Social Risk Factors for HIV 82
Landon Myer
2.2 Brain Imaging and Neuro-HIV 87
Christine Fennema-Notestine
2.3 Host Genetics in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders
93
Avindra Nath and Wenxue Li
2.4 Traumatic Stressors and the Psychoneuroimmunology of HIV/AIDS
99
Dan J. Stein, John A. Joska, and Kathleen J. Sikkema
3 Clinical Aspects of HIV-Related Neurocognitive Disorders
107
Nicholas W.S. Davies and Bruce J. Brew
Commentaries
3.1 Clinical Aspects of HIV-Related Neurocognitive Disorders
131
Robert Paul and Jodi Heaps
3.2 Differential Diagnosis in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive
Disorders 137
Gabriele Arendt
3.3 Psychiatric Disorders and HIV 143
Glenn Treisman
3.4 Optimizing the Effectiveness of HIV Treatment as Prevention
with Stimulant Users 149
Adam W. Carrico
4 Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders in HIV 157
Maria Ferrara, Ignacio P. Valero, David J. Moore, Adam F.
Knight, Nichole A. Duarte, and J. Hampton Atkinson
Commentaries
4.1 Combination Anti-Retroviral Treatment and Neuro HIV 194
Charles Venuto and Giovanni Schifitto
4.2 Psychopharmacology and Psychiatric Co-morbidity 199
Mark Halman
4.3 Intervention in HIV and Psychiatry: Behavioural and
Psychotherapeutic Approaches 205
Reuben N. Robbins and Robert H. Remien
5 Special Populations and Public Health Aspects 211
Francine Cournos, Karen Mc Kinnon, Veronica Pinho, and Milton
Wainberg
Commentaries
5.1 Mental Health Services for HIV in Resource-Limited Settings
235
Crick Lund
5.2 Specifying the Mental Health Context for the Development of HIV
Prevention and Treatment Interventions for Men Who Have Sex with
Men 240
Jessica F. Magidson and Conall O’Cleirigh
5.3 Following the Special Populations Home: Children and Families
245
Lucie Cluver, Mark Boyes, Mark Orkin, Lorraine Sherr, and Malega
Kganakga
5.4 Gender Issues and the Burden of Disease in Women 256
Catherine Mathews and Naeemah Abrahams
Index 263
Despre autor
John A. Joska is a Head of the Division of Neuropsychiatry
in the Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health at the University
of Cape Town. He is the Director of the UCT HIV Mental Health
Research Unit, and the Western Cape Provincial Programme Manager
for HIV Psychiatry. His interests are in HIV and Mental Health,
particularly mechanisms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders,
mental health services, and general neuropsychiatry. John completed
both under- and post-graduate training at UCT. Following completion
of his fellowship in psychiatry in 2002, he obtained the Mmed
(psychiatry) in 2006, and his Ph D in the Neurocognitive Disorders
of HIV in 2011. John has been involved in several innovative
research projects, including the development of assertive community
outreach programmes in the Province, and the development of a
smartphone application to assist primary health care providers to
assess for the presence of dementia. His group was recently funded
to conduct a randomized controlled trial of lithium in
HIV-associated dementia. He is excited by the opportunities and
challenges provided by working in Cape Town, South Africa.
Dan J Stein is Professor and Chair of the Dept of Psychiatry
and Mental Health at the University of Cape Town, Director of the
Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit on Anxiety Disorders, and
Visiting Professor of Psychiatry at Mt. Sinai Medical School
in New York. He is interested in the psychobiology and
management of the anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and related, and
traumatic and stress disorders. He has also mentored work in
other areas that are of particular relevance to South Africa and
Africa, including neuro HIV/AIDS and substance use disorders.
Dan did his undergraduate and medical degrees at the University of
Cape Town, and his doctorate (in the area of clinical neuroscience)
at the University of Stellenbosch. He trained in psychiatry,
and completed a post-doctoral fellowship (in the area of
psychopharmacology) at Columbia University in New York. His
training also includes a doctorate in philosophy. He is
inspired by the way in which psychiatry integrates science and
humanism, and contributes to addressing some of the big questions
posed by life.
Dan’s work ranges from basic neuroscience, through clinical
investigations and trials, and on to epidemiological and
cross-cultural studies. He is enthusiastic about the
possibility of clinical practice and scientific research that
integrates theoretical concepts and empirical data across these
different levels. Having worked for many years in South
Africa, he is also enthusiastic about establishing integrative
approaches to services, training, and research in the context of a
low and-middle-income country.
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