This new volume addresses the global concern of environmental pollution mediated by a variety of organic, inorganic, persistent, and nonpersistent pollutants, which have a substantial detrimental impact on the structural and functional aspects of ecosystems. The book presents some important and recent nanotechnological advances that provide significant potential for decontamination of many polluted sites. It first provides the introductory background of nanoremediation and then delves into applications for the restoration of environmental sites that have been contaminated with a diverse range of pollutants, such as heavy metal, pesticides, and dyes in soil and water. This volume improves our knowledge of nanotechnology-based remediation to make it less hazardous and reusable. It provides valuable information on the decontamination of the soil and water resources.