Ultimata feature as a core concept in the coercive diplomacy scholarship. Conventional wisdom holds that pursuing an ultimatum strategy is risky. This book shows that the conventional wisdom is wrong on the basis of a new dataset of 87 ultimata issued from 1920–2020. It provides a historical examination of ultimata in Western strategic, political, and legal thought since antiquity until the present, and offers a four-pronged typology that explains their various purposes and effects: 1) the dictate, 2) the conditional war declaration, 3) the bluff, and 4) the brinkmanship ultimatum. The book yields a better understanding of interstate threat behaviour at a time of surging competition. Background materials can be consulted at www.coercivediplomacy.com.
สารบัญ
Chapter 1: The Use and Utility of Ultimata in Coercive Diplomacy.- Chapter 2: A Genealogy of Ultimata.- Chapter 3: Ultimata in Coercive Diplomacy.- Chapter 4: The Dataset: Data Collection and Coding Procedures.- Chapter 5: Ultimata 1920-2020: A Chronological Survey.- Chapter 6: Ultimata 1920-2020: Patterns and Findings.- Chapter 7: A Typology of Ultimata.- Chapter 8: The Dictate.- Chapter 9: The Conditional War Declaration.- Chapter 10: The Bluff.- Chapter 11: The Brinkmanship Ultimatum.- Chapter 12: Findings and Conclusions.
เกี่ยวกับผู้แต่ง
Tim Sweijs is the Director of Research at The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies and a Senior Research Fellow at the Netherlands’ War Studies Research Centre. He advises governments and international organisations and has published on international security, contemporary war, coercion, foresight, and defence planning.
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