Liao-Fan’s Four Lessons is a book written by Yuan Liaofan, was a Chinese official during the Ming Dynasty, born in present-day Wujiang County, Jiangsu Province. Yuan wrote the book to teach his son, Yuan Tian-Chi.The principal idea behind these lessons is that destiny can be changed through proper cultivation of kindness and humility. Thus, one should not be bound by fate, but by one’s own actions.
Yuan Liaofan was told by a Taoist monk surnamed Kong that he would only live to the age of 53 and have no son. At first, he disregarded this monk’s words as farcical nonsense, but as Kong’s other predictions began to occur with great accuracy, he then proactively made an effort to rewrite his fate. In relating his own life experience in changing destiny, Yuan, at the age of 69, wrote and taught these four lessons to his son.
The first lesson shows how to create destiny. The second lesson explains the ways to reform. The third reveals the ways to cultivate kindness and the fourth discloses the benefits of the virtue of humility.
The book, still in circulation after more than 400 years, is said to be a useful foundation in learning both Confucianism and Buddhism.
《了凡四训》是古代著名劝善书，作者是明朝著名官员、思想家袁黄。全文通过立命之学、改过之法、积善之方、谦德之效分四个部分来讲解如何改变命运。作者以亲身经历，讲述了改变命运的过程。原本为教训自己的儿子，故取名《训子文》；其后为启迪世人，遂改今名。
袁黄（1533-1606），初名表，后改名黄，字庆远，又字坤仪、仪甫，初号学海，后改了凡，后人常以其号了凡称之。袁了凡是明朝重要思想家，是迄今所知中国第一位具名的善书作者。他的《了凡四训》融会禅学与理学，劝人积善改过，强调从治心入手的自我修养，提倡记功过格，在社会上流行一时。
Giới thiệu về tác giả
袁黄（1533年－1606年），初名表，后改名黄，字庆远，又字坤仪、仪甫，初号学海，后改了凡，后人常以其号’了凡’称之，浙江嘉兴府嘉善县魏塘镇人。晚年辞官后曾隐居吴江芦墟赵田村，故一作吴江人。明代思想家。袁黄青少年时聪颖敏悟，卓有异才，曾受教于云谷禅师，对天文、术数、水利、军政、医药等无不研究，补诸生。嘉靖四十四年（1565年），知县辟书院，令高材生从袁受经学。万历五年（1577年）会试，初拟取第一，因策论违逆主考官而落第。十四年（1586年）中进士，为万历初嘉兴府三名家之一。奉命清核苏松钱粮，上《赋役仪》，又请减免额外加征米银10余条款，被豪绅所阻而作罢。万历十六年（1588年）授河北宝坻（今属天津）知县，任职五年，业绩辉煌。万历二十年（1592年），调任兵部职方主事，适日本侵略朝鲜，朝廷大举东征，蓟辽经略宋应昌上疏请袁黄到军营赞画，与刘黄裳浮海渡鸭绿江。后突遇日军攻城，袁黄率领部下及3000名朝鲜兵击退之。不久，李如松兵败碧蹄馆，兵部尚书石星主张拨款议和，袁黄上书提出将骄应罢兵。李如松诬袁黄以十大罪状，袁黄遂罢归家居，闭户著书。卒年74岁。
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