A booming economy, high population, land-locked location, remote separated and poorly accessible rural areas, large reserves of oil, large mining sector and cattle farming on a large scale, are all factors which are most influential to the total water scene in Africa. It is expected that the pace of implementation of water infrastructure will increase and the quality of work will improve in addition to building the capacity of the private and district staff in contracting procedures. This book discusses the urgent need to study possible rehabilitation measures in order to ensure a sustainable and excellent water quality and improved sanitation for African citizens.