Now in a revised second edition, Nutrigenomics and Proteomics in Health and Disease brings together the very latest science based upon nutrigenomics and proteomics in food and health. Coverage includes many important nutraceuticals and their impact on gene interaction and health. Authored by an international team of multidisciplinary researchers, this book acquaints food and nutrition professionals with these new fields of nutrition research and conveys the state of the science to date.
Thoroughly updated to reflect the most current developments in the field, the second edition includes six new chapters covering gut health and the personal microbiome; gut microbe-derived bioactive metabolites; proteomics and peptidomics in nutrition; gene selection for nutrigenomic studies; gene-nutrient network analysis, and nutrigenomics to nutritional systems biology. An additional five chapters have also been significantly remodelled. The new text includes a rethinking of in vitro and in vivo models with regard to their translatability into human phenotypes, and normative science methods and approaches have been complemented by more comprehensive systems biology-based investigations, deploying a multitude of omic platforms in an integrated fashion. Innovative tools and methods for statistical treatment and biological network analysis are also now included.
Table of Content
Contributors x
Preface xiii
Biography of Martin Kussmann xiv
Section I Genes, Proteins, and Nutrition 1
1 The use of transcriptomics as a tool to identify differences in the response to diet 3
Juri C. Matualatupauw and Lydia A. Afman
1.1 New concepts in nutrition research 3
1.2 Comprehensive phenotyping 3
1.3 Phenotypic flexibility 4
1.4 Factors that influence the transcriptome response to diet 5
1.5 Using transcriptomics to explain mechanism behind differences in response to diet 10
1.6 Conclusion 10
1.7 Future perspectives 15
References 16
2 Genetic or nutritional disturbances in folate?]related pathways and epigenetic interactions 19
Daniel Leclerc and Rima Rozen
2.1 Introduction 19
2.2 Nutrition and one?]carbon metabolism 20
2.3 Importance of DNAmethylation at Cp G dinucleotides 23
2.4 Folate?]dependent disorders: Dietary impact 24
2.5 Genetic influences on phenotype and interactions with epigenetics 27
2.6 Epigenetic inheritance across generations 31
2.7 Conclusions 34
References 35
3 Early?]life development and epigenetic mechanisms: Mediators of metabolic programming and obesity risk 42
Felicia M. Low, Peter D. Gluckman, and Keith M. Godfrey
3.1 Introduction 42
3.2 Origins of DOHa D and its conceptual basis 43
3.3 Epigenetic mechanisms 44
3.4 Early?]life nutrition, epigenetics, and metabolic programming 48
3.5 Paternal effects 52
3.6 Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance 54
3.7 The potential value of DOHa D principles and epigenetic biology to the improvement of human health 55
3.8 Conclusion 57
Acknowledgments 57
References 58
Section II Bioactives and Phytonutrients 65
4 Bioactive interactions in food and natural extracts 67
Sofia Moco and Denis Barron
4.1 Natural compounds as all compounds produced by nature 67
4.2 Not all natural compounds are created active 70
4.3 On the road of modern technologies for bioactive discovery 71
4.4 Metabolomics strategies applied to bioactives biochemistry 77
4.5 Bioactives as multi?]target network instigators 81
4.6 ‘Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food’ – outlook 85
Acknowledgments 85
References 85
5 Anthocyanins in metabolic health and disease 92
John Overall, Mary Ann Lila, and Slavko Komarnytsky
5.1 Introduction 92
5.2 Chemical structure 93
5.3 Structural effects on stability 93
5.4 Systemic bioavailability and tissue distribution 96
5.5 Metabolism and nutrigenomic effects 102
5.6 Conclusions 114
Acknowledgments 114
References 114
6 Dietary antioxidants and bioflavonoids in atherosclerosis and angiogenesis 125
Mohsen Meydani and Angelo Azzi
6.1 Introduction 125
6.2 Dietary vitamins E and C and CVD 126
6.3 Dietary polyphenols and CVD 128
6.4 Flavonoids and angiogenesis 134
6.5 Conclusion 135
Acknowledgments 136
References 137
7 Genomics and proteomics approaches to identify resveratrol targets in cancer 143
César López?]Camarillo, Rubiceli Medina?]Aguilar, Carlos Palma?]Flores, and Laurence A. Marchat
7.1 Introduction 143
7.2 Sources and health benefits of resveratrol 144
7.3 Resveratrol for cancer prevention and therapy 145
7.4 Functional genomics approaches to identify resveratrol targets in cancer 147
7.5 Proteomics approaches to identify resveratrol targets in cancer 148
7.6 Metabolomics approaches to identify pathways modified by resveratrol in cancer 150
7.7 Epigenomic events induced by resveratrol in cancer 152
7.8 Conclusions and perspectives 153
References 153
8 Genomic effects of food bioactives in neuroprotection 156
Ashraf Virmani, Syed Ali, Luigi Pinto, Saf Zerelli, and Zbigniew Binienda
8.1 Introduction: Nature and nurture 156
8.2 Mechanism underlying food nurture 156
8.3 Natural cellular nurture mechanisms 157
8.4 Effects of food bioactives on genomic activity 158
8.5 Epigenetic modulation 158
8.6 Modulation of the epigenome by food bioactives 159
8.7 Possible role of the genome in neuroprotection 160
8.8 Countering risk factors associated with neurodegeneration 161
8.9 Using food bioactives to restore epigenetic balance 161
8.10 Targeting inflammation, energy, and free radicals 161
8.11 Food bioactives that reduce inflammation 163
8.12 Food bioactive effects on bioenergetics and redox balance 163
8.13 Role of food bioactive acetyl?]l?]carnitine in neurodegeneration 163
8.14 Process of S?]palmitoylation and the role of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1c enzyme in the brain 164
8.15 Conclusion 164
References 165
9 Micro RNAs: Bioactive molecules at the nexus of nutrition and disease 170
Lisa M. Farmer and Kendal D. Hirschi
9.1 Introduction to micro RNAs as dietary bioactive compounds 170
9.2 Characteristics, biogenesis, and functions of mi RNAs 171
9.3 mi RNA detection methods 173
9.4 Small RNAs in the circulation 174
9.5 Endogenous mi RNAs and metabolic control 176
9.6 mi RNAs as biomarkers for diet and disease 178
9.7 Absorption of dietary animal mi RNAs in animal consumers 184
9.8 Absorption of dietary plant mi RNAs in animal consumers 185
9.9 Contradictory evidence of dietary mi RNA uptake 188
9.10 Therapeutic potential of mi RNAs 190
9.11 Gut pathology may influence dietary mi RNA uptake 191
9.12 Conclusion 193
Acknowledgments 195
References 195
Section III Prebiotics, Probiotics, Synbiotics, and the Gut Ecosystem 201
10 Gut health and the personal microbiome 203
Carolin A. Kolmeder and Willem M. de Vos
10.1 Gut health and its concepts 203
10.2 Microbiome and gut health – from composition to function 206
10.3 The personalized microbiome – towards precision nutrition 211
10.4 Conclusions and next?]generation interventions 214
Acknowledgments 215
References 215
11 Infant nutrition and the microbiome: Systems biology approaches to uncovering host–microbe interactions 220
Mei Wang, Ivan Ivanov, Laurie A. Davidson, Robert S. Chapkin, and Sharon M. Donovan
11.1 Introduction 220
11.2 Environmental factors influencing development of the infant gut microbiota 221
11.3 Infant nutrition and the development of gut microbiota 223
11.4 Host genetics and the development of gut microbiota 226
11.5 Host–microbe interactions regulating host phenotype and gene expression 230
11.6 Systems biology approaches to diet?]dependent host–microbe interaction 243
11.7 Summary and conclusions 247
References 247
12 Bioactive host–microbial metabolites in human nutrition with a focus on aromatic amino acid co?]metabolism 258
François?]Pierre J. Martin and Martin Kussmann
12.1 Introduction: Gut microbiota metabolism in nutrition, health and disease 258
12.2 Short?]chain fatty acid metabolism 259
12.3 Bile acid metabolism 260
12.4 Aromatic amino acid metabolism 261
12.5 Conclusions and perspectives 269
References 270
Section IV Nutrigenomic and Proteomic Technologies 275
13 Network analysis in systems nutrition 277
Marie?]Pier Scott-Boyer and Corrado Priami
13.1 Introduction 277
13.2 Biological networks 278
13.3 Network topology 281
13.4 A general framework for network analysis of throughput data 282
13.5 Examples of network analyses 284
13.6 Conclusions and perspectives 286
References 287
14 Nutrigenomics analyses: Biostatistics and systems biology approaches 290
Damien Valour and Bernard Valour
14.1 Gene selection for nutrigenomics studies 290
14.2 Specificity of high?]dimension data and preprocessing before gene selection 291
14.3 Exploratory and differential gene expression analysis 292
14.4 Biomarker discovery in nutrigenomics: Gene selection and discrimination 297
14.5 A step towards data integration: searching for correlation/covariance between two datasets 310
14.6 From gene selection to systems biology 313
References 315
Index 319
About the author
About the Editors
Martin Kussmann is Professor of ‘Systems Biology in Nutrition and Health’ at the Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand. He is also Chief Scientist of New Zealand’s National Science Challenge ‘High-Value Nutrition’. In 2011, Martin joined the Nestlè Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS) on the campus of the Ecole Polytechnique Fèdèrale Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland, as Head of the ‘Molecular Biomarkers Core’. From 2012 to 2016, he has been Lecturer at the Faculty of Life Sciences, EPFL. Since June 2009, Martin is Honorary Professor for Nutritional Science at the Faculty of Science, Aarhus University, Denmark. He holds a MSc and Ph D in Chemistry from the University of Konstanz, Germany.
Patrick J. Stover is Professor and Director of the Division of Nutritional Sciences at Cornell University. He graduated from Saint Joseph’s University with a BS degree in Chemistry, and received a Ph D degree in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics from the Medical College of Virginia, and performed his postdoctoral studies in Nutritional Sciences at the University of California at Berkeley.
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